Monday, April 13, 2020
igc3 Essay Example
igc3 Essay Sample Practical application (IGC3) NE-BOSH INTERNATIONAL GENERAL CERTIFICATE IGC3 THE HEALTH AND SAFETY PRACTICAL APPLICATION Candidates observation sheet Sheet number 1 of 5 Student name: G Gardner Student number: Place inspected: Education Development Date of Inspection centre Observation Risk Control measures Timescale Hazards and Consequences Immediate and longer term actions 1. Risk of vehicles speeding and causing road traffic accidents due to poor signage on access roads to school and main buildings. Inform school workers and parents f speed limits on access roads. Fix temporary speed limit signs. Re-paint speed signs on road. 2. Risk of traffic accident due to narrow sharp bend on access road to rear car park. Immediately 1 month Monitor the wear and damage to painted signs during site inspection Email all school workers to increase awareness. Get the school managers to contact parents. Yearly 1 2 months 3. Risk of traffic accident due to undesignated car parking in several areas that prevent vision of road and cause driving over footpaths to reach these areas. Change observation mirror to large ne. Erect signs warning of sharp bends. Monitor effects of measures. Look into feasibility of installing traffic light system. Every 6 months 4. Risk of trip due to potholes in surface of footpath Inform school workers by email not to park in undesignated areas. Erect bollards where possible. Erect no parking signs. Site maintenance team to monitor and issue warning letter to offenders. Discuss with Human Resources manager. 2 months On going Barrier off around affected area. Erect warning sign. Repair / resurface footpath. -2 months Monitor the surface condition of all ootpaths on site during site Yearly inspection Key: Risk: H=High, M=Medium, L=Low. Actions: Immediate, M=Medium, L=Long term. N/a= Not applicable. Sheet number 2 of 5 5. Risk of electric shock from active communication mast due to missing padlock from gates and electrical hazard warning signs at the access gates. Monitor all access steps for damage during site inspection Review security in reception area. Install panic al arm. Attend training. Review work patterns causing lone working. Initiate test protocols for security Ensure fuse board is closed and locked. We will write a custom essay sample on igc3 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on igc3 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on igc3 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Accessed by competent workers only. 5 Years Maintenance team to monitor 5 yearly inspections and testing. Barrier off with warning sign. 2 3 months Replace tape. Same day 10. Risk to health by exposure to asbestos by report showing location of asbestos in stair nosing and floor tiles plus regular inspection. Concrete repairs to steps. 6 months 9. Risk of trip due to worn tape around access hatch in floor in main corridor Arrange on going inspection of mast security and that warning signs stay in good condition Apply hazard tape to worn parts of step. 3 month / Continual . Risk of Electrocution or fire controlled by main fuse board in small hall corridor being located in secure cupboard and having 5 yearly inspections and testing. Fit permanent electrical hazard signs. Monitor to ensure gates are padlocked, particularly after maintenance worker visits. 7. Risk to personal safety of receptionist due to lone working. Lock gates, fit temporary electrical hazard sign. damaged concrete step leading to reception and school pathway. Administration manager to monitor tape for wear. Ensure locations of asbestos are also recorded in asbestos risk egister. Inspection of area for damage. Keep asbestos report for reference and provide details in asbestos risk register to contractors. On-going Monthly 11. Risk of upper limb injury / eye strain due to unsuitable, non-adjustable chair for display screen equipment (DSE) user in general office. Carry out regular reassessments of display screen equipment workstations and workers. Tape down cables Provide portable rubber covers for cables. Consider relocating sockets to avoid need to trail cable. Relocate sockets where possible. Continue to monitor where cables re situated and monitor for damage. Ensure training is carried out with workers. Email workers to warn of the fire risk, look for temporary storage for document folders. 3 6 months Erect suitable shelving to store files on. Ensure workers undertake fire awareness training. 1 months 14. Risk of falling due to working on an insecure short ladder during lone working in store cupboard. Ensure workers are complying with your display screen equipment use policy. 3 weeks 13. Risk to fire due to many document folders stored under desks in education workers ffice, next to electrical sockets and cables. Ensure workstations are assessed for suitability for all new workers and carry out online risk awareness training. 12. Risk of trip due to trailing cables of many portable appliances in general office i. e. fans, electric heaters and paper shredders. Monitor on-going for correct storage and fire risks. Ensure workers have annual updates Email workers to warn them of the potential hazards. Carry out risk assessment for working on ladders. Use of ladders training to be carried out. Continue to monitor work practices with ladders.
Wednesday, March 11, 2020
Essay Title Everything You Need to Know
Essay Title Everything You Need to Know Essay Title: Everything You Need to Know Some students may think that the mark for a written assignment completely depends on the text itself. This makes them neglect other important aspects of the work, including its heading. That is why choosing a title should also become an important part of your work, as a wrong heading may greatly influence the quality of your essay. You need to make the audience want to go on reading, open the text and find out what will be next. That is why the words you choose are crucial and you need to be very attentive and serious, when working on your essay title.à You will never get a second chance to make the first impression, so it is more than important to stir interest of the reader and cause a ââ¬Ëwowââ¬â¢ effect instead of ââ¬Ëhow boring it is going to beââ¬â¢! When you choose a proper title for your work, you get a chance to show your writing skills and an ability to engage the audience. It can be important not only for professional writers but also for students, who want to succeed in life not depending on the sphere they choose. What makes a good essay title When you are starting your work on a headline, you should always get familiar with the main rules and tips that make up a great title. If you know all of them and have mastered everything, there will be no problems with creating a catchy and interesting title. A great title should have following features: Everyone likes easy to read papers and their titles, so try to be as simple as possible. Avoid complicated phrases, not typical fonts and a difficult language; This is probably the most obvious feature of an essay title. Nobody likes reading boring titles and prefers something interesting and fresh; Trying to make a headline as intriguing as possible, many students use inaccurate data and not reliable facts. This is a huge mistake and any professor will ask you to redo your title and make it honest and truthful; Straight-to-the-point. Your title should be clear and brief, conveying the main idea to the reader; Use active voice. It is quite a common rule to use an active voice instead of a passive one, not depending whether you are completing an essay or simply writing its heading; Your title should always correspond with the content of your essay. Donââ¬â¢t try to make a headline, which is far from the truth or has nothing to do with your essay. Elements of an essay title Any type of a paper or even its separate parts should have an outline, as it allows to greatly reduce time, spent on the essay and nerves, when you try to understand how it should look like. Essay title is not an exception and consists of three main elements, which may be of a great use: A ââ¬Ëhookââ¬â¢. Try to invent a catchy phrase or use a thought-provoking idea to stir interest of the audience; Insert key words. Every topic has keywords, which help the reader to understand what your essay is about. Add a key word or two to your heading to help the audience to see, what you are going to discuss; Additional details. Along with the ââ¬Ëwhatââ¬â¢ key words, you can add ââ¬Ëwhere or whenââ¬â¢ keywords, which will make your title more detailed. For example. Gun Control: How the controversial law can influence US society in the 21st century. The hook ââ¬â Gun Control; Key words- law, society; Additional details ââ¬â US, 21st century. Tips on creating a perfect essay title We have already discussed the importance of your essay title, key elements and qualities it should possess. It is now a right time to get familiar with the process of creating a headline. However, if you still donââ¬â¢t know where to start or struggle to complete a catchy title, you need to remember that even the best writers find the whole process complicated. It is not enough to possess outstanding writing skills; you should also be able to catch the general idea of the whole essay in a one short sentence. Leave the title for later It seems quite natural to complete your paper step-by-step, from the first page to the last. However, it is more logical to postpone creating a title until you complete the whole essay. Actually, the best writers never start with completing a title and they let the paper appear, keeping in mind a couple of drafts of a future heading. After completing your essay and understanding its weak and strong sides, you will be able to create a catchy and intriguing title to grab interest of the audience. Such method also helps you to save hours, as after completing an essay you will already know how to name it and wonââ¬â¢t spend days trying to figure out where to start. You can spend this time on making a research, completing an essay or simply hanging out with friends. Donââ¬â¢t forget about your thesis Thesis statement, as well as your title, aim to prove the reader that your essay is worth his or her time. That is why you should also delay creating a title and use your thesis statement. It can be the main phrase of the whole sentence or simply a couple key words that you find engaging and interesting. Donââ¬â¢t neglect common words and phrases One of the great ways of catching interest of the reader is to use common clichà ©s and popular phrases, when creating a title. They will make your heading sound catchy, fresh and modern. In addition, a controversial topic, complimented with a popular phrase in the title, will definitely grab readerââ¬â¢s interest. The tone of the title matters It is obvious that your title and the paper itself should have a relevant tone. It means that writing on a scientific or any other serious subject, you need to avoid anecdotes, abbreviations and witty words. If it is a more common paper or even a personal essay, you can use a lively manner and even jokes. Nevertheless, remember that the tone of your work should remain neutral and professional. Donââ¬â¢t forget about quotes When it is appropriate, a quote in a title can be a great move and you will surely attract the audience. However, you need to understand that a quote is not always relevant depending on the topic. If you are writing about a book or a movie, a quote of the main character or a phrase that conveys the general idea of the plot, is more than relevant. Convey the main idea of your essay in a few words One of the most popular techniques of creating an essay title is summing your thesis statement and rendering it in three words. Just choose key words then place a colon and continue with describing the idea of your text. Most of the students neglect spending enough time on creating a catchy and interesting headline, although it is as important, as the rest of the assignment. By using Tutoriages simple tools and advice, you will succeed in creating catchy headlines and will save lots of time for other assignments or personal matters.
Monday, February 24, 2020
GLOBAL ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words
GLOBAL ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT - Essay Example ell as markets as same products are being sold in different national markets, increased capital mobility ââ¬â firms move more freely between countries, improved connectivity in terms of transport and telecommunication, deregulation (fewer business related laws and restrictions) and liberalisations (removal of trade restrictions). Formation of larger economies within the world economy, a very god example is the European Union (EU). Free trade is always beneficial for the trading countries as it raises welfare and return is optimum. Then, why do countries go for protection? We concentrate our study on the infant industries and the consequence it faces in the face of global development. Global development also has its impact on businesses. The paper takes up two important aspects of business- Human resource management and research & development. Again, our motive is to access how these two aspects of business management and development helps in reducing the risks associated with global development. After establishing the effects of global development on businesses, we take up the two very aspects of marketing. A study of the consumer behaviour and the cultural aspects associated with it has been done in this paper. Infant industry argument is another face of selective protectionism and applied in developing countries most of the times than developed countries, though it began in US in the late 18th century and Germany in the 19th century as both these regarded its industries as underdeveloped compared o UK. New industries and specifically promising ones in the market need a platform to grow and beat the existing ones in their pursuit to grab the market. This is where the home countryââ¬â¢s government gives protection from foreign competition, as exposure to foreign competition so soon might be a hurdle for their growth. This argument has faced lot of criticism because protecting every such infant industry is not justified. However, only those industries should be
Friday, February 7, 2020
Technology Leadership is a Business Strategy Essay
Technology Leadership is a Business Strategy - Essay Example Even if there were some computers in an organization, it was only with the most senior employees or in research departments. Now though, things have moved on. The development of the internet by the US Army and its public release in the 1980s has created quite a phenomenal change in information technology (Moschella, 1997). Internet forms the very backbone of our society today. New generations fear thinking how we managed to get stuff done when we didn't have this much technology in our lives. Technology leadership goes far beyond the conventional planning processes. It is about the change it can bring about in the very foundations of running the company and the ways and means with which it is run. It creates a whole new way of defining efficiency and goal achievement strategies (Sosik, 2004). This means that the role of the executive director is vital in the deployment of technology. So, technology can not be a success in an origination if employees are not comfortable with it or they do not know the huge benefits of it. We continuously study optimization strategies and efficient working conditions in almost every course, be it related to science or the business fields. This is because computers and technology have helped humans today see that they can get more work done in lesser time. The absolute importance of technology is that an organization accomplish in getting much more work done in a small amount of time and the output is error free as well. Technology today is not even expensive to buy. Many small business organizations are still running on vintage hardware and still are way in the lead because their staff know how get the best out of what has been provided to them. Companies like Microsoft and Linux developers research and develop operating systems with software that is not only easier to use than their previous editions, but which can accomplish more at the same time. We are talking about multitasking. Imagine for a moment, the importance of doing several time consuming tasks at the same time. It takes accountants and engineers hours to develop circuits on paper. But, using computer software, they can produce error free results in a matter of a few minutes. Consumer goods companies like Unilever and Procter & Gamble replace their hardware after every three years just to cope up with the increasing change in computing technology. They know the importance of technology in their goal achievement techniques. This fact is also helped by the fact that each CEO of the company is fluent and comfortable with the use of technology and in annual board meetings they are able to convince the board members, who can actually make or break the company if they disagree with technological innovations, on deploying better and more efficient technology and train employees in the area of using this new technology. Use of technologies in banks like Standard Chartered is vital. The prime example of this is an ATM machine. How easy is it to take your cash out of a machine rather than stand in queues waiting for your turn at the counter Conclusion Technology leadership is the quality most required in today's top companies. This is the reason they are at
Wednesday, January 29, 2020
A Journal of Woe Essay Example for Free
A Journal of Woe Essay The pain was excruciating as I struggled to fight for my life under the pillow that my beloved husband had forced upon me. I remember how much it hurts as I tried to gasp for air beneath Othelloââ¬â¢s powerful arms. I can recall those murderous eyes driven mad by jealousy and hate. For an instant, I failed to recognize the man I have fought to love. I cannot recognize that man I secretly married despite my fatherââ¬â¢s objections. For a moment, I failed to see the man who promised to love me for the rest of our lives. It all started that fateful night when Othello fired Michael Cassio from his lieutenant position. He accused me of sleeping with Cassio. The jealousy was probably most triggered when he felt that I was being too concerned with Cassioââ¬â¢s situation. He must have thought that my acts in favor of Cassioââ¬â¢s defense were signs of affection for him. He accused me of giving Cassio the handkerchief which was a gift from him. There is no way I would have given such a valuable gift to someone else! My love and affection is undividedly offered for Othello. It does not seek other men aside from him. My fidelity to my marriage and to my husband is pure and untainted. How could he even dare think of me with such immorality! However, it was too late to defend myself further, for the fire in his eyes was already consumed with too much evil to pay any heed to my cries. Yet, before death consumed what was left of my body, the image of the man I love came before my eyes. I forgive him. He is a victim and not a murderer. I know in his heart that he loves me still, and once this madness brought about by his jealousy ends, he would repent and ask for forgiveness. Or, he might end his life as well to follow me, so he can make it up to me personallyââ¬âand I will be waiting on the other side.
Tuesday, January 21, 2020
Lorraine Glass :: essays research papers
Landscape Writing and the Lorrain Glass à à à à à Looking through my Lorrain glass I saw different moods of a scene. I sat on top of my car and looked out over a field of apple trees, raspberry bushes, and pumpkin patches. At the end of the fields was a huge white house with a ton of windows. The house had a wide porch that went all the way around to the back. I couldn't see much detail from such a great distance, but the smoke coming out of the chimney told me there was someone inside. à à à à à I chose three different colors to put into my Lorrain glass. Red, yellow, and green slates of color all gave a different feeling to the picture I was creating in my frame. It was almost like a snap shot. I chose colors that I thought were drastically different to give a different feeling for the same scene. à à à à à Each slate did give a different feeling, but they looked similar in shape. Through the cellophane wrap, when the wind blew, the images seemed to wave. They had a small slant and looked as if they were moving. It was about 4 p.m. and the sun was just going down. The sun would hit the Lorrain Glass and made the image bright. à à à à à The red piece of cellophane made me feel hot. I felt that the sun coming through made it seem even warmer. It gave me a feeling of desert warmth with no water in sight. All the trees looked bare and dead. The yellow piece of paper made everything seem sunny and bright. The house looked full of light. I could picture in my mind the owner of the house having a glass of lemonade on the porch. The trees, the house, and the pumpkins all seem to come to life. They looked full and lively. The green cellophane seemed kind of cold and dark. The sun coming through of course made it seem a little brighter but it still had that sense of dreariness. The pumpkins looked rotted and old, the trees appeared bare with bad apples around its base, and the house just seemed to blend into the back round.
Monday, January 13, 2020
Analysis of Psychosocial Development Theory Essay
The psychosocial theory provides a theoretical structure that highlights the constant assimilation and communication of individual competencies with resources, difficulties, and culture. Development is seen as a product of genetic, social, maturational, and autonomous dynamics. For this assignment, I am analyzing personal development using Ericksonââ¬â¢s psychosocial theory of development. Erickson believed that development follows the epigenetic principle, that anything that grows has a ground plan (Vander Zanden et al., 2006). Simply stated, each stage of Ericksonââ¬â¢s theory ascends according to an innate plan with each stage building upon the previous stages and focuses on a challenge that must be resolved during that stage in order to move effectively onto the next developmental stage. Ericksonââ¬â¢s psychosocial theory draws our attention to the continual process of personality development that takes place s throughout the life span. Erickson believed each part each part of the personality has a particular time in the life span when it must develop if at all (Vander Zanden et al., 2006). Psychosocial Stages of DevelopmentThe first stage in Eriksonââ¬â¢s theory begins in infancy, with the conflict of trust versus mistrust. In this stage an infant is dependent upon others, specifically their parent or caregiver to meet their basic needs. If these needs are meet, the infant will develop trust in self, parentââ¬â¢s caregivers, and their surroundings, if not mistrust will develop. Trust versus mistrust is present throughout a personââ¬â¢s life span. Consequently, if the conflict is not positively resolved within this developmental period, the person maybe affected negatively and only partially immerses themselves into society. As a mother, I understand that my daughterââ¬â¢s need for nourishment, comfort, care, and familiarity, must be met by me. In order for her to develop a loving and trusting relationship with me, I remained responsive and consistent. As my daughter grows older, she will become more knowledgeable and understanding with her peers and begin investigating her surroundings with persistence and eagerness. Stage two picks up at toddlerhood, usually starting around age 2 and continuing through age 3, with the conflict autonomy versus shame and doubt. During this stage children become mobile within their environment. This new found mobility is like a since of freedom to a child. If parents consistently encourage their childrenââ¬â¢s mobility, they will aid the children in developing a sense of autonomy, self control, and self confidence. If parents do not reinforce their childââ¬â¢s new freedom then the child will experience shame and learn self-doubt. My toddler is currently within this stage and she has started to undertake the responsibilities of feeding, dressing, bathing, and toileting. As a parent I have the tendency to be protective, thus assisting her without her approval. Nonetheless, I realize that I can do more harm than help to her development if I am overbearing and overprotective during this stage. I could positively or negatively influence my daughterââ¬â¢s ability to reach autonomy through my level of covetousness. Stage three of Eriksonââ¬â¢s psychosocial theory begins at age 4 and continues through age 5, with the conflict initiative versus guilt. Initiative is the readiness to embark on new ventures whereas guilt is a sense that they have done something wrong. During this stage children are eager for responsibility and look to their parents for conformation. As parents the duty is ours to validate to our children, by proving that their initiative is valued no matter the size of the deed. Sadly, when parents are restrictive and do not allow their child the chance to be responsible and independent, the child may develop a sense of guilt and disapproval in the eyes of their parents. As a child my father always allowed me to help with projects around the house, by allowing me to pass him tools. My mother always allowed me to assist her in kitchen with dinner, by letting me mix the batter, oil the pan, break the egg, and pass her various kitchen utensils. I cherished my parents for this freedom and always viewed them as my unsung heroes. Today, in my daily life and work, I take the initiative with projects, chores, packing, and much more. It times I do feel guilt over some actions, but I am assured that it linked to my beliefs of achievement rather than my parents restrictive actions on occasion. From age 6 to age 12 a child is considered to be in the fourth stage of the psychosocial theory with the conflict industry versus inferiority. During this stage a child is learning to read, write, and how to create things by themselves. During this stage my educators became increasingly key figures in my life. They gave me many tasks and taught me many skills. I was always determined to master the tasks and skills (i.e. math and science) set before me. At this point in my life my peers became more momentous in my life because I was learning to work with them in order to complete tasks. I have never much of a follower, nonetheless school opened the door to new social roles therefore, gaining the approval and acceptance of my peers and teachers was important. I worked hard in all my classes and extracurricular activities to be the best by obtaining the top grades, best batting record, most assists and points, most volunteer hours, and more. The skills I developed along throughout this stage gave me confidence that others saw and appreciated, which showed approval and acceptance. I believe that when a child does not develop the necessary skills needed for school, home, and other cultural task that it can lead to the child developing a sense of inferiority because their acceptance is based on competent performance. Eriksonââ¬â¢s fifth stage is the conflict identity versus identity confusion. Stage five typically starts at age 12 and continues to age 18. At this stage, adolescents are striving to find their identity and place in the world that will lead them into young adulthood. At some point in this stage I was struggling to find out what to with my life and remember asking myself this question, ââ¬Å"Who Am I?â⬠I wanted to separated myself apart from my parents and siblings, so I made a conscious search for identity and found things I enjoyed (i.e., school, softball, basketball, tutoring) an excelled. At the end of my high school career I had discovered my cultural, communal, and personal identity as a member of society identity and was ready to face the new challenges of college. My childhood friend, Amelia struggled during this stage with identity development by gender. In her parents eyes, she was a girl and should behavior as such, therefore sports and other male related activities whereà frown upon within her home. It was not until Amelia reached the age of sixteen that she made a conscious decision to make her own choices, in spite of her parentââ¬â¢s viewpoints. Woolfolk, (1987), notes that if adolescents are unable to make conscious choices and decisions, especially as it pertains to their career and sexual orientation, then their role confusion becomes a threat. Success at this stage is dependent upon the childââ¬â¢s resolution of conflicts in earlier stages. If past experiences are integrated and past conflicts resolved, there will be a strong ego identity. Conversely, identity confusion will arise if the ego is weak. Stage six is the beginning of the developmental period of young adulthood. This is a period when most of us finish college, find a career, and create a family of our own. During this time most of us are changing cognitively, physically, and socioemotionally. In this stage the conflict is intimacy versus isolation. According to Eriksonââ¬â¢s stages of development, I am in this stage. During this stage one either gets involved in an intimate relationship or retreat into isolation. In the initial stage of being an adult individualââ¬â¢s seek one or more companions and love. As individualââ¬â¢s try to find mutually satisfying relationships, primarily through marriage and friendships, they generally also begin to start a career and family, as have I. An example of my success in this stage is my giving and sharing within my marriage and friendships without feelings of obligation or asking for anything in return. The age in the stage has been pushed back to the mid thirties because today many couples wait until then to start families. My belief is that if a person has not resolved the conflict of identity in stage five, that they will fear a committed relationship, thus causing them to retreat into isolation. Lastly, when people have difficulty creating lasting and satisfying relationships, they may isolate and distance themselves from others due to feeling of inferiority. Stage seven of Eriksonââ¬â¢s psychosocial theory begins around age 40 and continues through age 65, with the conflict generativity versus stagnation. Generativity, refers to an adultââ¬â¢s competence to care for another humanà being (Newman & Newman, 1991). A personal example is my older sister Deloris, who had settled into a stable career, marriage, church, family, and other numerous responsibilities. Our mother was diagnosed with Alzehemierââ¬â¢s Disease (AD) during this stage and because Deloris was the closet and oldest, she was expected to give of herself by adding the responsibility of caring for our mother. The responsibilities were overwhelming, but she overcame because of her willingness to be flexible and adaptable, which allowed her to rely on her environment and family to help her deal. If Deloris had remained inflexible and enabled the responsibilities to overwhelm she would have become stagnate. The debilitating state of our motherââ¬â¢s AD forced my siste r to be flexible, by reducing church activities, additional work duties and ultimately changing the way she dealt with her world. Integrity versus despair is the eighth psychosocial stage of development. The developmental period for this stage is age 65 to death. This stage occurs when many of our parents are up in age and must come to terms with the approach of death. At this period in my parentââ¬â¢s life, both where retired and had time to analyze what they had accomplished and accumulated throughout life. They had come to accept their entire life with a positive outlook and even decided how their estate would be divided up amongst 21 children, thus leaving them with a sense to integrity. According to Newman and Newman, (1991) if my parents had been unable to accept responsibility for their lifeââ¬â¢s outcome and resolve conflict in earlier stages, they may have experienced despair and regret. Sadly, many older adults feel as if their life was filled with disappointment and failure, thus making it hard for them to handle life and the probability of death at this stage. Despair versus hope and faith is the final stage of Eriksonââ¬â¢s psychosocial theory. The developmental period for this stage is late 80s and beyond. During this stage person are faced with a new sense of self over failing bodies and need for care. The favored outcome of this stage is to achieve a new sense of wisdom and transcendence (Vander Zanden et al., 2006). Comparison of Erikson and Kohlberg TheoriesEriksonââ¬â¢s psychosocial theoryà holds that developmentproceeds throughout nine developmental stages that are distinguished by a specific conflict. Kohlbergââ¬â¢s moral development theory holds that moral reasoning has six developmental stages with three distinctive levels. Erikson and Kohlberg theories each focus on a particular facet of maturation, such as social, moral, and psychosocial. It has been stated that psychosocial development and moral reasoning are influenced by factors such as socialization and gender identity. When a person is born they are identified by their gender as either a boy or a girl. It is my belief that the title of boy and girl or man and woman influence how children respond to psychosocial developmental challenges and resolve moral dilemmas. These titles provide a structure around which role and behavioral expectations formed. Brief Analysis of Kohlbergââ¬â¢s Model of Moral DevelopmentWhen people talk about moral development, they are referring to conduct and attitude towards other people in society. They look to see if societal norms, rules, and laws are being followed. In terms of children, it is their ability to distinguish right from wrong. Moral development, embraces pro-social behaviors, such as philanthropy and emotional development. Kohlberg stressed that moral development is based primarily on moral reasoning and unfolds in stages. On the basis of his research, Kohlberg identified six stages of moral reasoning grouped into three major levels (preconventional morality, conventional morality, postconventional morality). Each developmental level represented a fundamental shift in the social-moral perspective of the individual. As a child and now adult, I have at one point and time, fallen within each level and stage. My parents always stressed honesty, trust, and respect. They also give consequences when I was disobedient to the rules. In order to avoid punishment I obeyed the rules. During church and school, I behaved properly by obeying the teachers, completing assignments on-time, returning lost items (i.e., pencils, fans, and money), and repenting when needed in order to gain approval from my peers, teachers, pastor, and administrators. At other times, in my life, I have been concerned with my rights as a citizen, student, mother, and wife, while at other times I have been guided entirely by my conscience. Myà conscience always gets the best of me no matter the circumstance. When I was five years old, my brother Rico took candy from my fatherââ¬â¢s private stash and shared it with me. I knew it was wrong, but I wanted the candy so I keep my mouth closed. I thought I could just put it behind and move on, but I had a sense of wrong come over me and I could not sleep until I told my father the truth. Once, the truth was revealed I was freed and felt good within. My view of moral development aligns with Kohlbergââ¬â¢s theory of moral development which was actually based on Piagetââ¬â¢s cognitive theory. He believed young childrenââ¬â¢s cognitive thinking develops along with their moral development. Young children are ego centered and their moral judgment is based on their own perspectives, not others and they follow rule because they are afraid of punishment. As children grow they understand values, rules, and their obedience is not out of fear, yet is based on their moral development. ReflectionAccording to Eriksonââ¬â¢s nine stages of development, I am in the sixth stage with conflict intimacy versus isolation. Eriksonââ¬â¢s psychosocial development theory aligns with many of my viewpoints. His theory stresses that children are curious, active explorers who are adaptive, impacted by social and cultural influences, and rational. The theory emphasizes that individuals continue to develop and change throughout their lives, and that personality is not solely shaped during early childhood. The theories framework is a tool that can aid individuals in understanding self-awareness and self-improvement. Eriksonââ¬â¢s stages of development enabled me to better understand the connections between my behavior and personal experiences. As a parent, it has opened my eyes to how I can help rather than hinder my daughterââ¬â¢s development into mature, well-rounded, and emotionally stable individual. Lastly, each stage has a vital conflict that the child, adolescent, and adult can resolve positively or negatively. The nature of the resolution depends mainly on relations and associations with others, although the individualââ¬â¢s choices also play a key role. The conflicts and resolution of conflicts within each stage gave me hope that people can obtain personal growth andà change. Resolving the conflicts within each stage allows for progress and future success by building upon the knowledge gained within the preceding stage(s). Conversely, I believe that not all is misplaced if an individual has an unconstructive and depressing occurrence within a particular stage and conflict. As people live they learn therefore, lessons can recur and be effectively resolved when identified, acknowledged and received. Ã¢â¬Æ'References Hamachek, D. E. (1998). Evaluating self-concept and ego development within eriksonââ¬â¢s psychosocial framework: A formulation. Journal of Counseling and Development, 66(8), 354-360. Newman, B., & Newman, P. (1991) Development through life: A psychosocial approach (5thed.) Palisades, CA: Brooks-Cole. Vander Zanden, J. W., Crandell, T. L., & Crandell, C. H. (2006). Human development (8th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Woolfolk, A. E. (1987). Educational Psychology (3rd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
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